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Basics of the Criminal Process for a Felony
If you have been charged with a felony in Wisconsin, you will find yourself in the middle of a complex criminal justice system. The better you understand what you are facing the better decisions you can make and the more help you will be to your lawyer
Investigation
Criminal cases start out with some type of investigation. The investigation may be triggered by a 911 call or by non-emergency reports of wrongdoing to law enforcement personnel. Initially, you may not even know you are being investigated. Often, law enforcement personnel will want to question you or search your property as part of their investigation. If law enforcement personnel are interested in speaking with you, it is in your best interest to speak with a lawyer first. Arrest The investigation may take a few hours, or a few weeks or months. Once law enforcement personnel believe they have probable cause that you have committed a crime, you will be arrested. Sometimes after an arrest, law enforcement personnel want to speak with you about your case. You have the right to ask for a lawyer and otherwise should remain silent. Bail Hearing Typically, the first hearing will be a bail hearing. You will be brought before a judge and the judge will set the bail amount. If you make bail and follow the conditions of your release agreement, you can remain out of custody as your case moves forward. Preliminary Hearing In a felony case, you have a right to a preliminary hearing you can waive that right if you choose. At a preliminary hearing, both the prosecutor and the defense lawyers will present part of their case to the judge. The judge must decide if there is probable cause to believe you committed the crime for the case to move forward. Arraignment After a preliminary hearing, you will be arraigned. This means that formal charges are presented and a plea of guilty or not guilty will be entered. If a plea of guilty is entered, a trial date will be set.Pretrial Hearings
Your Right to Remain Silent: A Good Criminal Defense Starts with You
Some people mistakenly believe that their criminal defense starts after getting arrested. However, if you understand your rights, your potential defenses will start when you first come in contact with law enforcement. One of the most important rights to understand is your right to remain silent.
The Right to Remain Silent and the Constitution
The phrase “the right to remain silent” is not in the U.S. Constitution. Instead this right comes from the aftermath of a Supreme Court case called Miranda v. Arizona. In this case the Supreme Court held that law enforcement had a duty to inform people who were under arrest about their constitutional rights. The right to remain silent refers to the right not to be compelled to incriminate yourself. The Fifth Amendment prohibits police from forcing a confession.
Lifetime GPS Monitoring of Convicted Felon Upheld in Federal Appeals Court
GPS monitoring is often used when a criminal defendant is out on bail, or when someone who has been convicted of a crime is on probation or other provisions of release require it. In Wisconsin, that law extends to convicted sex offenders, who must wear the GPS tracking devices for the rest of their lives. One man recently attempted to have this mandate overturned, but his request was denied in federal appeals court. Wisconsin’s GPS Laws on Sex Offenders In 2006, Wisconsin enacted a law that allowed any convicted sex offender who completed their prison term and finished 20 years of monitoring to apply to have their GPS tracking bracelet removed. However, those who have prison terms followed by civil commitment under the Chapter 980 law must wear the bracelet for life. Although this particular portion of the law has garnered a great deal of criticism from advocates that find it cruel, unnecessary, and excessive, the recent ruling suggests that it is unlikely to be amended any time soon. Why a Skilled Criminal Defense Attorney Is Critical for Sex Offense Crimes in Wisconsin Sexual offense charges in any state are considered especially heinous crimes and they often result in lengthy sentences and extreme measures like the lifetime GPS tracking device. Those facing charges are often stigmatized, even before they reach a courtroom. A skilled and experienced criminal defense attorney can protect your rights and ensure you receive the fair trial you deserve. Gimbel, Reilly, Guerin & Brown, LLP has been serving the Wisconsin area since 1968. Committed to providing you with the legal representation you deserve, our attorneys will work hard to help you reach the best possible outcome for your unique situation. To learn more about our award-winning services, schedule your consultation with our skilled Milwaukee criminal defense attorneys. Call 414-271-1440 today.
Trickery, Baiting, Suggestibility and Lies – Interrogation Tactics Described in the Netflix Series “Making A Murderer” Are Not Uncommon
Since the airing of the 10-episode Netflix documentary, “Making a Murderer” began in January 2016, the cases of Steven Avery and Brendan Dassey have drawn a considerable amount of attention from the public and the media around the United States. Many are both surprised and outraged by the details of Avery’s original wrongful conviction, and some believe there may be evidence that Avery was again wrongfully accused and convicted of a horrendous crime.
Although less discussed, Mr. Dassey’s related case has also drawn scrutiny from the public, particularly for the way he was interrogated by police. But what many people may not realize is that these practices – lying, baiting, suggestibility and trickery - are actually quite common during police interrogations. Moreover, courts often give their approval or a wink-wink to these kinds of tactics, deeming the confessions obtained through deception admissible as evidence.
Deception and Trickery During Interrogation Can Be Permissible
Practices such as strategic deception (lying to push for a confession or information), trickery, baiting (telling suspects they have evidence they do not have), “good cop, bad cop” routines, suggesting that there is forensic evidence or another person’s confession that clearly implicates the suspect undergoing questioning, along with other forms of deception are not only permitted during police interrogations, they are often considered “harmless error” even if it leads to a confession that seals the prosecution’s case. Atty. Ray Dall’Osto provided further comment on the import of this for Mr. Dassey’s case in a January 2016 newspaper interview, which can be found at this link.
Of course, there have been times that law enforcement officers’ tactics in obtaining confessions have been held to have gone too far, but the instances are rare. This is due, in part, to the murky line between coercion and “acceptable” deception. There is no bright line rule that says how far is “too far.” That is why it is essential to have experienced criminal defense counsel who can effectively challenge the admissibility of confessions and suppress them as evidence.
Did Investigators Go Too Far?
If no hard line exists, it becomes the court’s discretion as to whether or not a suspect’s rights have been violated; and that can create a very slippery slope. Take, for example, Brendan Dassey’s interrogation which is addressed in the Netflix series. Law enforcement officers are allowed to interrogate a minor without parental consent, but concerns exist about the ability of the minor, young person or person with special needs to understand and properly waive their important constitutional rights to remain silent and to an attorney.
Mr. Dassey’s low IQ, the way police misled him in their questioning and the way he seemed to be guessing at the answers calls the reliability of the interrogation into question. Yet that evidence (which was the chief piece of evidence to actually tie Dassey to the murder) was found admissible. In light of the Netflix series, there has arisen a public concern that this should not have been and that, at the very least, Mr. Dassey deserves a new trial.
Causes of Wrongful Convictions
The National Innocence Project has put together the chart below on the principle contributing causes of wrongful convictions, based on actual cases handled and exoneratons obtained.
Why Are Homicide Rates up in Milwaukee?
In 2015, 160 people were killed in the city of Milwaukee, this is the highest number of homicides since the early nineties. This number is alarming to city and state officials, especially after there were only 86 homicide victims in Milwaukee in 2014, the lowest number the city had seen in years. This 69 percent increase in homicides is a larger increase than cities like St. Louis, Washington D.C., and Baltimore, which all received media attention due to homicide rates. Now, city and state officials are wondering what has caused the increase.
Why the Increase in Homicides?
“That is the million-dollar question,” says a leader of the Milwaukee Homicide Review Commission, an organization that studies homicides and incidents of gun violence in Milwaukee. Many trends in the city have remained constant. A majority of the victims were African-American men. Most of the victims were shot to death. Some victims were related. What exactly caused the dramatic increase in homicide this past year remains somewhat of a mystery. There are many different theories that have been discussed. Some Milwaukee residents say the problem stems from poverty. Some say segregation is the issue. Other reasons cited are easily accessible firearms, too much policing, or police are not doing enough.
Framed by a Fly: Forensic Scientist Says Flies Are Capable of Transporting DNA Evidence
Inside a courtroom, and to a jury, a DNA sample almost always seals the case against an alleged criminal; it would seem appropriate, considering how the odds of a false identification is lower than one in 10 million. But real and valid cases of DNA contamination - from the “trace” DNA samples that can be transferred by a mere handshake, to a single intact sperm inadvertently finding its way onto a slide containing a woman’s vaginal secretions – suggest that our reliance on DNA evidence has become more than slightly concerning.
DNA Evidence – Then and Now
When DNA analysis first emerged, a decent amount of evidence was needed to extract just a partial profile (think a blood stain the size of a quarter). But, as modern science has improved, the sample of DNA needed to supply incriminating evidence has decreased exponentially. Today, an entire profile can be created with a sample the size of a pinhead. Unfortunately, that improvement has come at a price; and quite often that price is the wrongful conviction of an innocent person.
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and the Charges Parents May Face
Each year, more than 3,500 children die of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), which is the sudden death of an infant that cannot be explained after a thorough investigation. So much about what causes SIDS is still unknown. The cause of many SIDS deaths remains a mystery. Unfortunately, some SIDS deaths end up resulting in criminal charges for parents or caretakers, compounding tragedy on top of tragedy.
Mother Convicted of Manslaughter
In 2014, a North Virginia mother swaddled her baby, placed him face down on a couch cushion, and then fell asleep herself. When she awoke, she found her baby boy unconscious. Just a couple months later, the mother was arrested on charges of manslaughter. She eventually plead guilty to those charges and was ordered to complete three years of probation or face five years of imprisonment. Cases relating to criminal charges from SIDS involve parents and/or caregivers failing to follow safe sleep practices, such as giving the baby its own sleeping space or placing the baby on its back to sleep. Other cases involve parents/caregivers who seem to have done everything possible to reduce the risk to their babies. Yet in rare circumstances, they, too, have faced charges. The stress and trauma of having to endure such charges in the midst of such a great and unpreventable loss is undoubtedly devastating.
Kosar DUI - What is His Defense?
In late September, was reported that former Cleveland Browns Quarterback, Bernie Kosar, had been arrested on a DUI charge. The police report indicated that he was pulled over at 2:40 in the morning after speeding through a construction zone (74 in a 50 mph speed zone).
When the office approached the car and asked if he had been drinking, Kosar stated that "he was helping a friend." Additionally, when asked for his license, Kosar handed the officer two credit cards.
The officer on the scene also reported the strong odor of alcohol and slurred speech upon talking to Kosar and requested that he take the standard field sobriety tests. While Kosar refused to take the portable breath test, suggesting he had been advised never to take these, he did agree to take other standard tests. After Kosar failed some of the other field sobriety tests, the incident became even more interesting. Kosar attributed his failures to the numerous surgeries on his ankles and knees "because his line could not block." The day after the incident, Kosar's attorney filed a plea of not-guilty on behalf of his client.
Backdoor Prohibition? The Road to 0.05
By Attorney Steven C. McGaver
Recently, the National Transportation Safety Board recommended that all fifty states should lower the legal blood alcohol limit from 0.08 g/100 ml to 0.05 g/100 ml. According to the NTSB, at .05 BAC, some drivers begin having difficulties with depth perception and other visual functions. As expected, the American Beverage Institute immediately cried foul. Managing director Sarah Longwell said: "This recommendation is ludicrous. Moving from 0.08 to 0.05 would criminalize perfectly responsible behavior. Further restricting the moderate consumption of alcohol by responsible adults prior to driving does nothing to stop hardcore drunk drivers from getting behind the wheel." The proposal also met criticism from some surprising opponents, Mothers Against Drunk Driving of Texas, which successfully lobbied to change the limit from .10 to .08 in 1999, said pushing to lower the rate is not on its radar, and according to the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, Milwaukee County Sheriff, David Clarke expressed his opposition to the proposal, stating, "What we're seeing from analysis of our data is that the heart of the problem is that Wisconsin doesn't criminalize the first offense. The first offense of drunken driving should be a misdemeanor. On average, many of those arrested have a level of 0.15, or nearly twice the legal limit, and some are even higher. People we stop, test and arrest are drunk out of their minds. There's nothing in the NTSB recommendations that talks about stiffer sentences, and that's what's needed. Our problem is multiple-time offenders, and we don't send a strong enough message after the first time."
Wisconsin Implements Alcohol Biomarker Testing
The state of Wisconsin is pursuing a new method of curbing repeat offenses for drunk driving. State officials are going to begin testing people with repeat OWI convictions for “alcohol biomarkers.” These are residual molecules that can show the history of a person's drinking. The idea is to use these biomarkers to attempt to identify people who are at a higher risk for continuing to drive drunk. Some research from the University of Wisconsin Milwaukee already suggests that these sorts of tests, combined with computer analytics, can help predict people's drunk driving tendencies.
What Alcohol Biomarker Testing Is
Alcohol biomarkers are a new type of test designed to determine a person's long-term drinking history. Ordinary alcohol tests check for the presence of alcohol in the blood, but alcohol only lasts in the blood for a matter of hours before it is gone. This makes it impossible to learn about a person's alcohol intake by directly testing for alcohol. However, alcohol does not simply vanish from the blood. Instead, it is metabolized. This means that the body converts the molecules of alcohol into other molecules. These molecules last much longer in the body, finding their way into the drinker's fingernails, which a chemist can then examine.
